留学生实用英语 12Alex 博士带你学英语
转述对话必会的 22 个地道表达
Retelling a conversation
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本课学 22 个转述对话时最常用的地道表达和语法。课文是四段小对话：Mike 和 Adam 聊新工作，Renee 和 Emily 约午饭，Jason 问 Gina 昨晚去了哪儿，Ben 和 Jeremy 约晚上出去玩。每段对话之后，都由其中一人把刚才的对话转述一遍。
Adam 的朋友，在街上碰到刚找到新工作的 Adam，事后把两人的对话转述了一遍。
刚开始新工作，正在摸清管理的门道，研究公司的历史。
Emily 的同事，已经在 Kincaid's 餐厅订了两人位。
Renee 的同事，午饭已经买好，想约 Renee 去公园一起吃。
Gina 的朋友，派对上没见到 Gina，第二天问她去了哪儿。
姐姐临时被叫去医院上夜班，她过去帮忙看孩子，结果在姐姐家过了一夜。
刚和 Sydney 分手，正闲得无聊，想跟 Jeremy 他们晚上一起出去玩。
Ben 的朋友，答应晚上 9 点半开车去接 Ben。
Hey dude, what's up? I hear you have a new job. How's it going?
嘿，哥们，最近怎么样？听说你找了份新工作，干得怎么样？
Pretty well, so far. I have a lot to learn, but the people are nice, and there's not too much pressure.
目前还不错。要学的东西很多，不过同事人都挺好，压力也不算太大。
What do you do?
你具体做什么？
Basically, I'm learning the ropes of management, studying the history of the company so I know how everything works.
基本上就是在学管理的门道，研究公司的历史，好弄清楚一切是怎么运作的。
That's great! I hope it all works out for you.
太好了！希望一切顺利。
I asked Adam what was up and told him that I heard he had a new job. I asked him how it was going. He told me that it was going pretty well, so far. He said that he had a lot to learn but that the people were nice and that there wasn't too much pressure. Then I asked him what he did. He answered that basically he was learning the ropes of management and studying the history of the company so that he knew how everything worked. Then I told him that that was great and that I hoped it worked out for him.
我问 Adam 最近怎么样，跟他说我听说他找了份新工作。我问他干得怎么样。他告诉我目前还不错。他说要学的东西很多，不过同事人都挺好，压力也不算太大。然后我问他具体做什么。他回答说，基本上是在学管理的门道，研究公司的历史，好弄清楚一切是怎么运作的。然后我跟他说那太好了，希望他一切顺利。
你吃饭了吗？
No, but I've already bought my lunch. Want to join me in the park?
还没，不过午饭已经买好了。要不要跟我去公园一起吃？
Thanks, but I've made a reservation for two at Kincaid's Restaurant. Have you ever eaten there?
谢谢，不过我已经在 Kincaid's 餐厅订了两人位。你在那儿吃过吗？
Yes, I've been there several times. It's great!
吃过，我去过好几次了。很不错！
I asked Emily if she had eaten yet, and she told me that she had already bought her lunch. She asked me if I wanted to join her in the park, but I told her that I had made a reservation for two at Kincaid's Restaurant. Then I asked her if she had ever eaten there, and she told me yes, that she had been there several times. She said it was great.
我问 Emily 吃饭了没有，她说她已经买好午饭了。她问我要不要跟她去公园一起吃，但我告诉她，我已经在 Kincaid's 餐厅订了两人位。然后我问她有没有在那儿吃过，她说吃过，去过好几次了。她说那儿很不错。
Where were you last night? We missed you at the party.
你昨晚去哪儿了？派对上大家都想你呢。
Oh, I had to go to my sister's house. They called her from the hospital at the last minute and asked her to work the night shift, so I went over to babysit for her kids. I ended up spending the night at her place.
哦，我得去我姐姐家。医院临时给她打电话，让她去上夜班，所以我过去帮她看孩子。结果我在她家过了一夜。
I asked Gina where she had been the night before and told her that we had missed her at the party. She said that she had had to go to her sister's house—that they had called her sister from the hospital at the last minute and had asked her to work the night shift, so she had gone over to babysit for her kids. She said she had ended up spending the night at her sister's place.
我问 Gina 前一天晚上去哪儿了，还跟她说派对上大家都想她。她说她得去她姐姐家，医院临时给她姐姐打了电话，让她去上夜班，所以她过去帮姐姐看孩子。她说结果她在姐姐家过了一夜。
I asked Gina where she was the night before and told her that we missed her at the party. She said that she had to go to her sister's house—that they called her sister from the hospital at the last minute and asked her to work the night shift, so she went over to babysit for her kids. She said she ended up spending the night at her sister's place.
我问 Gina 前一天晚上去哪儿了，还跟她说派对上大家都想她。她说她得去她姐姐家，医院临时给她姐姐打了电话，让她去上夜班，所以她过去帮姐姐看孩子。她说结果她在姐姐家过了一夜。
Hi, Jeremy. What are you guys doing tonight? I'm kind of at a loose end since I broke up with Sydney.
嗨，Jeremy。你们今晚干什么？自从跟 Sydney 分手，我有点无所事事。
Join us, then—we're going to hang out downtown—probably go to several places. Are you up for that?
那就跟我们一起吧，我们要去市中心玩，可能要去好几个地方。你想去吗？
Definitely. Where should I meet you? Better still, can you give me a ride?
当然想。我去哪儿找你们？或者更好的是，你能顺路载我一程吗？
Glad to. I'll pick you up at your place at 9:30. OK?
乐意之至。我 9 点半去你家接你，行吗？
Perfect. I'll look out for you.
太好了。我等你来。
I said hi to Jeremy and asked him what he and the other guys were doing that night. I told him that I had been kind of at a loose end ever since I broke up with Sydney. He told me to join them and said that they were going to hang out downtown—probably go to several places. He asked me if I was up for that. I said that I definitely was and asked him where I should meet them. Then I told him that it would be even better if he could give me a ride. He said he would be glad to and told me that he would pick me up at my place at 9:30. He asked me if that would be OK. I said that it would be perfect and that I would look out for him.
我跟 Jeremy 打了招呼，问他和其他几个人那天晚上干什么。我跟他说，自从跟 Sydney 分手，我就有点无所事事。他叫我跟他们一起，说他们要去市中心玩，可能要去好几个地方。他问我想不想去。我说当然想，又问他我该去哪儿找他们。然后我跟他说，要是他能顺路载我就更好了。他说乐意之至，还说他 9 点半会去我家接我。他问我这样行不行。我说太好了，我会等他来。
Tap ▶ to hear a line. Green phrases are this lesson's expressions — tap one to jump to its explanation.点 ▶ 听这句原声；绿色的是本课要学的表达，点一下可以跳到它的讲解。
already 常和现在完成时连用，表示「已经」做过了，不用再做。用在疑问句里表示惊讶：「这么快就……了？」
原句No, but I've already bought my lunch. — Emily
yet 用在现在完成时的疑问句里，问某件事做了没有：Have you eaten yet? 否定句里的 not yet 表示「还没做，但以后要做」。
原句Have you eaten yet? — Renee
so far 表示「到目前为止」，常和现在完成时连用，也可以单独放在句尾：Pretty well, so far.（目前还不错）。转述时 so far 保留不变。
原句He told me that it was going pretty well, so far. — Mike
ever 表示「（过去或将来的）任何时候」，Have you ever…? 问对方有没有过某种经历。ever 放在助动词和主要动词之间；never, ever 加强语气：「从来没有、绝对不」。
原句Have you ever eaten there? — Renee
情态动词的过去式：can → could，have to / must（必须）→ had to，should → should have + 过去分词（本该……），may / might → may / might have + 过去分词（可能已经……），will → would。
原句Oh, I had to go to my sister's house. — Gina
转述别人的话叫间接引语。转述动词（say、tell 等）用现在时，后面的动词保持原来的时态，表示说话人仍然认同这件事；that 可以省略。课文里的 I hear you have a new job 也是这样。
原句I hear you have a new job. — Mike
转述动词用过去时（said、told、answered）时，后面的动词要往前退一个时态：现在时变过去时（have → had，are → were，is → was）。意思上说的仍然是现在的情况。
原句He said that he had a lot to learn but that the people were nice and that there wasn't too much pressure. — Mike
转述动词是过去时，原话里的现在完成时（have / has done）要变成过去完成时（had done）：I've already bought → she had already bought。
原句and she told me that she had already bought her lunch. — Renee
原话是过去时（did），转述时变成过去完成时（had done）；原话里的 had to 就变成 had had to。课文里 Jason 的第二种转述（Less formal）不变时态，直接用过去时，口语里也很常见。
原句She said that she had had to go to her sister's house— — Jason
原话是将来时 will，转述时变成 would：I'll pick you up → he would pick me up。原话里的 be going to 也相应变成 was / were going to。
原句and told me that he would pick me up at my place at 9:30. — Ben
转述一般疑问句（能用 yes / no 回答的问题）：asked (someone) if + 陈述语序，时态照样往前退一步。Have you eaten yet? → I asked Emily if she had eaten yet.
原句I asked Emily if she had eaten yet, — Renee
转述特殊疑问句：保留疑问词（what、where、how 等），后面改成陈述语序（主语在动词前），时态往前退一步。Where were you? → where she had been。
原句I asked Gina where she had been the night before — Jason
dude 是非常随意的称呼，用来叫男性朋友：「哥们」「老兄」。正式场合不用。
原句Hey dude, what's up? I hear you have a new job. How's it going? — Mike
How's it going? 是随意的打招呼：「最近怎么样？」「进展如何？」常用 Pretty well. 回答。
原句I hear you have a new job. How's it going? — Mike
at the last minute 指「在最后一刻」「临时」，就在快来不及之前。
原句They called her from the hospital at the last minute — Gina
pressure 指同时要应付很多事、承担很多责任时感到的压力。there's not too much pressure 压力不算大；under too much pressure 压力太大。
原句I have a lot to learn, but the people are nice, and there's not too much pressure. — Adam
learn the ropes 原指水手学习操作帆船上的各种绳索，引申为「熟悉新工作、摸清门道」。
原句Basically, I'm learning the ropes of management, — Adam
be at a loose end 指一时没事可做、不知道干什么好。kind of 或 a bit of 让语气更随意：I'm kind of at a loose end. / I'm at a bit of a loose end.
原句I'm kind of at a loose end since I broke up with Sydney. — Ben
end up 表示原本没打算、结果却成了这样：end up + 地点，或 end up doing sth.「最后竟然……」。
原句I ended up spending the night at her place. — Gina
babysit 指帮别人照看孩子（多是临时的，有时有报酬），也可以说 take care of 或 look after the kids。
原句so I went over to babysit for her kids. — Gina
give someone a ride 指开车（或用别的交通工具）送某人一程：give you a ride home 开车送你回家。
原句Better still, can you give me a ride? — Ben
pick someone up 指开车到某人等着的地方去接他；代词要放在 pick 和 up 中间：pick you up at your place 到你家接你。
原句Glad to. I'll pick you up at your place at 9:30. OK? — Jeremy
Pick an answer and you'll see right away whether it's right.点选一个答案，马上就能看到对错。
Choose a suitable response for each line. Some lines have more than one good response.给每句话选一个合适的回应。有的句子不止一个合适的回应。
Answer truthfully in a full sentence, using the present perfect (have / has + past participle).按你自己的真实情况，用现在完成时（have / has + 过去分词）写一句完整的回答。
Write a suitable question for each answer, using yet, ever, so far, how's it going or give someone a ride.用 yet、ever、so far、how's it going 或 give someone a ride，给每个回答写一个合适的问题。
For each expression on the left, choose the phrase closest in meaning.给左边的表达选一个意思相近的说法。
Retell what each person said. Fill in the verb in the correct tense.转述每个人说的话，用括号里动词的正确时态填空。
转述动词用过去时，后面的动词往前退一步：现在时 → 过去时（live → lived，am → was），现在完成时 → 过去完成时（have finished → had finished），过去时 → 过去完成时（lost → had lost），will → would。
Write a short conversation between you and a classmate. Then retell it, using said, told and asked.写一段你和同学的简短对话，再用 said、told、asked 把它转述一遍。
Leo: Hey, how's it going? Have you finished the group project yet?
You: Not yet. I've been at the library all day, and there's so much pressure this week.
Leo: I'm kind of at a loose end tonight. I'll help you if you want.
You: That would be great. Can you pick me up at seven?
Retelling: Leo asked me how it was going and if I had finished the group project yet. I told him that I hadn't, that I had been at the library all day, and that there was so much pressure that week. He said that he was kind of at a loose end that night and that he would help me. I asked him if he could pick me up at seven.
这一课的 22 个表达，按「中文的意思用英语怎么说」整理，点开看答案和例句。
already已经
already 常和现在完成时连用，表示「已经」做过了，不用再做。用在疑问句里表示惊讶：「这么快就……了？」
例句：I'm not hungry. I've already eaten.我不饿，我已经吃过了。
yet / not yet……了吗 / 还没
yet 用在现在完成时的疑问句里，问某件事做了没有：Have you eaten yet? 否定句里的 not yet 表示「还没做，但以后要做」。
例句：Have you taken the test yet?你考过试了吗？
so far到目前为止
so far 表示「到目前为止」，常和现在完成时连用，也可以单独放在句尾：Pretty well, so far.（目前还不错）。转述时 so far 保留不变。
例句：She has come to class on time every day, so far.到目前为止，她每天都准时来上课。
ever曾经；任何时候
ever 表示「（过去或将来的）任何时候」，Have you ever…? 问对方有没有过某种经历。ever 放在助动词和主要动词之间；never, ever 加强语气：「从来没有、绝对不」。
例句：Have you ever been in California?你去过加州吗？
have to → had to不得不（情态动词的过去式）
情态动词的过去式：can → could，have to / must（必须）→ had to，should → should have + 过去分词（本该……），may / might → may / might have + 过去分词（可能已经……），will → would。
例句：Sorry I couldn't make it—I had to work.抱歉我没去成，我得上班。
says (that)…转述 ①：现在时转述，时态不变
转述别人的话叫间接引语。转述动词（say、tell 等）用现在时，后面的动词保持原来的时态，表示说话人仍然认同这件事；that 可以省略。课文里的 I hear you have a new job 也是这样。
例句：Joe says he buys French bread and cheese every Sunday morning.Joe 说他每个星期天早上都买法棍和奶酪。
said: present → past转述 ②：现在时变过去时
转述动词用过去时（said、told、answered）时，后面的动词要往前退一个时态：现在时变过去时（have → had，are → were，is → was）。意思上说的仍然是现在的情况。
例句：Joe said he bought French bread and cheese every Sunday morning.Joe 说他每个星期天早上都买法棍和奶酪。
said: have done → had done转述 ③：现在完成时变过去完成时
转述动词是过去时，原话里的现在完成时（have / has done）要变成过去完成时（had done）：I've already bought → she had already bought。
例句：Joe said he had bought French bread every Sunday morning for five years.Joe 说他五年来每个星期天早上都买法棍。
said: did → had done转述 ④：过去时变过去完成时
原话是过去时（did），转述时变成过去完成时（had done）；原话里的 had to 就变成 had had to。课文里 Jason 的第二种转述（Less formal）不变时态，直接用过去时，口语里也很常见。
例句：Joe said he had bought French bread last Sunday.Joe 说他上星期天买了法棍。
said: will → would转述 ⑤：will 变 would
原话是将来时 will，转述时变成 would：I'll pick you up → he would pick me up。原话里的 be going to 也相应变成 was / were going to。
例句：Joe said he would buy French bread next Sunday.Joe 说他下星期天会买法棍。
asked if…转述一般疑问句：用 if
转述一般疑问句（能用 yes / no 回答的问题）：asked (someone) if + 陈述语序，时态照样往前退一步。Have you eaten yet? → I asked Emily if she had eaten yet.
例句：Maria asked me if I was going out.Maria 问我是不是要出门。
asked what / where / how…转述特殊疑问句：保留疑问词
转述特殊疑问句：保留疑问词（what、where、how 等），后面改成陈述语序（主语在动词前），时态往前退一步。Where were you? → where she had been。
例句：Alex asked me what time the movie started.Alex 问我电影几点开始。
dude哥们，老兄
dude 是非常随意的称呼，用来叫男性朋友：「哥们」「老兄」。正式场合不用。
例句：Hey, dude—what's up?嘿，哥们，最近怎么样？
How's it going?最近怎么样？
How's it going? 是随意的打招呼：「最近怎么样？」「进展如何？」常用 Pretty well. 回答。
例句：Hi, Ethan. How's it going? Pretty well, thanks. How are you?嗨，Ethan，最近怎么样？——挺好的，谢谢。你呢？
at the last minute在最后一刻，临时
at the last minute 指「在最后一刻」「临时」，就在快来不及之前。
例句：The man picked up his tickets at the last minute—just before the show started.那个人在最后一刻才取票，演出马上就开始了。
pressure压力
pressure 指同时要应付很多事、承担很多责任时感到的压力。there's not too much pressure 压力不算大；under too much pressure 压力太大。
例句：It's hard to ever relax. I have so much pressure at work—and with two small children, there's pressure at home, too.我很难有放松的时候。工作压力很大，家里还有两个小孩，在家也有压力。
learn the ropes熟悉门道，上手新工作
learn the ropes 原指水手学习操作帆船上的各种绳索，引申为「熟悉新工作、摸清门道」。
例句：There's a lot of pressure at first, but once you learn the ropes, you'll be fine.一开始压力很大，不过等你摸清了门道就没事了。
at a loose end闲着没事，无所事事
be at a loose end 指一时没事可做、不知道干什么好。kind of 或 a bit of 让语气更随意：I'm kind of at a loose end. / I'm at a bit of a loose end.
例句：Would you like me to paint your room? I'm at a bit of a loose end.要不要我帮你刷房间？反正我闲着也没事。
end up最后（竟然）……
end up 表示原本没打算、结果却成了这样：end up + 地点，或 end up doing sth.「最后竟然……」。
例句：I fell asleep on the train and ended up in New Jersey.我在火车上睡着了，结果一路坐到了新泽西。
babysit（临时）帮人看孩子
babysit 指帮别人照看孩子（多是临时的，有时有报酬），也可以说 take care of 或 look after the kids。
例句：She makes extra money babysitting on weekends.她周末帮人看孩子，赚点外快。
give someone a ride开车载某人一程
give someone a ride 指开车（或用别的交通工具）送某人一程：give you a ride home 开车送你回家。
例句：I see you missed the bus. If you like, I'll give you a ride home.我看你没赶上公交。你愿意的话，我开车送你回家。
pick up开车去接（某人）
pick someone up 指开车到某人等着的地方去接他；代词要放在 pick 和 up 中间：pick you up at your place 到你家接你。
例句：I'll be glad to give you a ride. I'll pick you up in front of the school.我很乐意开车送你。我到学校门口接你。
