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英式语音语调训练12课 · 07Alex 博士带你学英语

特殊疑问句怎么问

Asking WH-questions

用 who、what、where、why、how 开头的特殊疑问句,正常问的时候用降调,句子结尾要落低,跟一般疑问句的上扬正好相反。想表达生气或吃惊,可以在疑问词后面加 on earth。如果是没听清、忘了答案,请对方再说一遍,语调就反过来往上扬。

怎么看语调标记

  • ↗vid:声音从这个音节开始往上扬(如 Hello, Da↗vid)
  • ↘do:声音从这个音节开始往下降(如 How d'you ↘do)
  • ↘↗go:先降再扬,一个音节里拐个弯
  • 跟读 照着读一遍;轮到你 用自己的话回应,点「参考回答」看怎么说;慢速 放慢了读,听清升降
  • 书里的学习者叫 Jo,别人叫「Jo」就是在跟你说话
47

练习 47

特殊疑问句以 who、whose、what、which、when、where、why、how 开头,how long、how old 也算。正常提问时这类句子都是降调:降的位置可能在句末,也可能在前面,但不管在哪儿降,句子结尾一定是低的。不要像一般疑问句那样往上扬。

WH-questions start with who, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how. Listen to a television interviewer interviewing Gloriette Harrod, the film-star. Then repeat just the questions.

Interviewer
Miss ↘Harrod, a question on ↘everyone's lips, I'm ↘sure … how many ↘films have you appeared in?
Harrod 小姐,我相信这是大家都想问的问题……您一共演过多少部电影?
Gloriette Harrod
Why does everyone always ask me ↘that?
为什么每个人都问我这个?
Interviewer
Well, I read somewhere it was about a hundred and ↘twenty.
嗯,我在哪儿看到过,大概是一百二十部。
Gloriette Harrod
Where did you read ↘that? Come ↗on … let's look forwards instead of ↘backwards.
你在哪儿看到的?行了……我们往前看,别老回头看。
Interviewer
OK. What's the title of your ↘next film?
好吧。您下一部电影叫什么名字?
Gloriette Harrod
Who's asking the ↘questions?
到底是谁在提问?
Interviewer
Well, I thought I was, but it …
呃,我以为是我在问,可是……
Gloriette Harrod
↘No … that ↘is the title: ‘Who's asking the ↘Questions?’
不是……片名就叫《谁在提问?》。

只跟读这几个问题,注意它们都是降调,句末都落得很低。长句会从后往前分段练:

Interviewer
How many ↘films have you appeared in?
您演过多少部电影?
跟读
Interviewer
… appeared in?
跟读
Interviewer
… ↘films have you appeared in?
跟读
Interviewer
How many ↘films have you appeared in?
跟读
Gloriette Harrod
Why does everyone always ask me ↘that?
跟读
Gloriette Harrod
… ask me ↘that?
跟读
Gloriette Harrod
Why does everyone always ask me ↘that?
跟读
Interviewer
What's the title of your ↘next film?
跟读
Interviewer
… your ↘next film?
跟读
Interviewer
What's the title of your ↘next film?
跟读
Gloriette Harrod
Who's asking the ↘questions?
跟读
48

练习 48

轮到你提问。你和 Harriet 开车出门。按提示问出特殊疑问句,然后跟读参考说法,记住句末要降下来。

Here are some for you. You are travelling with Harriet in the car.

Harriet
↘Hey, ↗Jo! There's a ↘hitchhiker. Let's pick him ↘up. Ask him where he's ↘going.
嘿,Jo!有人在搭便车。我们捎上他吧。问问他要去哪儿。
轮到你
你(Jo)
Where are you ↘going?
你要去哪儿?
跟读
Hitchhiker
↘Faringdon.
Faringdon。
Harriet
↘Oh. I wonder how long he's been on the ↘road, Jo.
哦。不知道他在路上等了多久了,Jo。
轮到你
你(Jo)
How long have you been on the ↘road?
你在路上多久了?
跟读
Hitchhiker
Since early this ↘morning.
从今天一大早。
Harriet
My ↘watch has stopped, Jo. Could you ask him the ↗time?
我的表停了,Jo。你能问问他几点了吗?
轮到你
你(Jo)
What's the ↘time?
几点了?
跟读
Hitchhiker
Quarter to ↘five.
四点三刻。

你在读的东西里看到一个词 sprag,问它是什么意思:

你(Jo)
What does ↘sprag mean?
sprag 是什么意思?
跟读

你在汽车站,要坐去 Lambourn 的车,可是停着好几辆车。用 Which 开头问:

你(Jo)
Which is the ↘Lambourn bus?
哪辆是去 Lambourn 的车?
跟读

你想知道行李可以寄存在哪儿:

你(Jo)
Where can I leave my ↘luggage?
我的行李可以放哪儿?
跟读

最后一个长一点的:问英国多久举行一次大选。

你(Jo)
How often do the British have a General E↘lection?
英国多久举行一次大选?
跟读
49

练习 49

在疑问词后面加 on earth(到底、究竟),可以表示生气或吃惊。语调还是降调,on earth 本身说得轻,降调落在后面的重点词上。

Listen to David and Harriet, and repeat Harriet's part. We can show anger or surprise by putting on earth after the question word.

Harriet
Where on earth have you ↘been, David?
你到底上哪儿去了,David?
跟读
David
↘Why? ↘What … ↘Goodness! It's ↘midnight!
怎么了?什么……天哪!都半夜了!
Harriet
Why on earth didn't you ↘telephone me?
你到底为什么不给我打个电话?
跟读
David
↘Well, I'd no idea it was so ↘late. ↘Hey — there goes the ↘doorbell!
嗯,我完全没想到这么晚了。嘿,门铃响了!
Harriet
Who on earth can it ↘be?
这会儿到底会是谁啊?
跟读

练习 on earth,先单独练,再放进句子里:

Harriet
Where on earth …?
跟读
Harriet
Where on earth have you ↘been?
你到底上哪儿去了?
跟读
Harriet
Why on earth …?
跟读
Harriet
Why on earth didn't you ↘telephone me?
跟读
Harriet
Who on earth can it ↘be?
跟读

有人给你看一个瓶中船模型,说:

Friend
I ↘did that my↘self!
这是我自己做的!
你(Jo)
How on earth did you do ↘that?
你到底是怎么做到的?
跟读

朋友笑个不停,你想知道为什么:

你(Jo)
Why on earth are you ↘laughing?
你到底在笑什么?
跟读

你看到一个模样古怪的人朝你家门口走来,想知道是谁:

你(Jo)
Who on earth ↘is it?
那到底是谁啊?
跟读
50

练习 50

on earth 也可以用在简短的反问里:对方说「不……」时,回 Why on earth not?;对方说了要做某事,想问「到底为了什么」,就说 What on earth for?。不能只说 Why on earth?,因为问句不能以 on earth 结尾。

Listen to Harriet and David again, and repeat David's part.

Harriet
I'm not ↘having a holiday this summer, Da↗vid.
今年夏天我不休假了,David。
David
Why on earth ↘not?
到底为什么不休?
跟读
Harriet
Well, I've told my boss I'm working right through the ↘summer.
嗯,我跟老板说了,整个夏天我都上班。
David
What on earth ↘for?
这到底是为了什么?
跟读

David 第一句回的是 Why on earth not?,反过来却不能说 Why on earth?,因为问句不能以 on earth 结尾。所以要说:

David
What on earth ↘for?
跟读

两句给你练:

Harriet
I ↘won't have any strawberries, thanks, ↗Jo.
草莓我就不吃了,谢谢,Jo。
轮到你
你(Jo)
Why on earth ↘not?
到底为什么不吃?
跟读
Harriet
Well, I'm giving ↘up fruit for a ↗month.
嗯,我要戒一个月水果。
轮到你
你(Jo)
What on earth ↘for?
这到底是为了什么?
跟读
51

练习 51

问过的问题,答案忘了或没听清,想让对方再说一遍时,特殊疑问句就不用降调了:疑问词上压低,句末往上扬,意思是「你刚才说的是……?」。

What happens if you ask someone a WH-question, and you either forget or do not understand the answer? Listen to Miss Roke and Mr Watkins; repeat Mr Watkins's part.

Mr Watkins
What did ↘Shanks say in his letter?
Shanks 在信里说了什么?
跟读
Miss Roke
Well, he said he'd like to meet you in ↘Newcastle at half-past ↗two on Friday the seventeenth of Oc↘tober. He's coming by ↗train, so he suggested the Station Ho↘tel.
嗯,他说想在纽卡斯尔跟您见面,10 月 17 日星期五下午两点半。他坐火车来,所以提议在车站旅馆。
Mr Watkins
↗Where does he want to meet me?
他想在哪儿见我来着?
跟读
Miss Roke
In ↘Newcastle.
纽卡斯尔。
Mr Watkins
Oh, ↘yes. ↗What time did he suggest?
哦,对。他提议几点来着?
跟读
Miss Roke
Two-↘thirty.
两点半。
Mr Watkins
Two-↘thirty … ↗What day did he have in mind?
两点半……他想的是哪天来着?
跟读
Miss Roke
He was talking of Friday the seven↘teenth.
他说的是 17 号星期五。
Mr Watkins
↘Ah, of ↘course. ↗What month was that?
啊,对了。是几月来着?
跟读
Miss Roke
Oc↘tober, Mr Watkins.
十月,Watkins 先生。
Mr Watkins
I ↘see. And ↗how's he travelling?
明白了。他怎么过来来着?
跟读
Miss Roke
By ↘train. He's coming down from Aber↘deen.
坐火车。他从阿伯丁南下过来。
Mr Watkins
And ↗which hotel did he suggest?
那他提议的是哪家旅馆来着?
跟读
Miss Roke
The ↘Station Hotel. I think you should go home and ↘rest, Mr Watkins. You're obviously over↘tired.
车站旅馆。我看您该回家歇歇了,Watkins 先生。您显然是累坏了。

轮到你。先听一条新闻,然后按提示就新闻内容提问:

Newsreader
… and now for some sport. Tarog Haldimst, the champion swimmer from Ordunia, has won a prize of £479.67½p for his record-breaking swim across the Pnoragi River. He did it in just 14 minutes 36.893 seconds.
……下面是体育新闻。来自 Ordunia 的游泳冠军 Tarog Haldimst 横渡 Pnoragi 河,打破纪录,获得 479 镑 67.5 便士的奖金。他只用了 14 分 36.893 秒。

你想不起游泳选手的名字了,请对方再说一遍:

你(Jo)
↗What's the swimmer's name?
那个游泳选手叫什么来着?
跟读

你也想不起他是哪里人了:

你(Jo)
↗Where does he come from?
他是哪儿的人来着?
跟读

他赢了多少钱?这个你也忘了:

你(Jo)
↗How much did he win?
他赢了多少钱来着?
跟读

他游的是哪条河?

你(Jo)
↗Which river did he swim?
他游的是哪条河来着?
跟读

最后:他用了多长时间?

你(Jo)
↗How long did it take him?
他用了多长时间来着?
跟读

原声出处:Ian Thompson《Intonation Practice》(Oxford University Press, 1981)配套录音,版权归原作者和出版方所有,这里只剪取例句,用于学习讲解;中文讲解和语调标注为稳麓教育自编。点句子前面的 ▶ 听原声,听完暂停,自己跟着说一遍。

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