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英式语音语调训练12课 · 05Alex 博士带你学英语

一般疑问句怎么问

Yes/No questions

Are you tired?、Did you enjoy it? 这类一般疑问句,通常在最重要的那个词上开始往上扬,一直升到句末;重音放在哪个词,取决于你想问的重点。这一单元还练了只有一两个词的反问(Switzerland?)、一连串同类问题的降调,以及「A 还是 B」选择问句:前半升、后半降。

怎么看语调标记

  • ↗vid:声音从这个音节开始往上扬(如 Hello, Da↗vid)
  • ↘do:声音从这个音节开始往下降(如 How d'you ↘do)
  • ↘↗go:先降再扬,一个音节里拐个弯
  • 跟读 照着读一遍;轮到你 用自己的话回应,点「参考回答」看怎么说;慢速 放慢了读,听清升降
  • 书里的学习者叫 Jo,别人叫「Jo」就是在跟你说话
27

练习 27

David 今天去了趟 Newbury,晚上九点才回家,Harriet 来开门。注意 Harriet 的一般疑问句:声音在重读词上先压低,然后往上扬到句末。

David had to go to Newbury today. He gets back at nine o'clock in the evening. Harriet opens the door.

Harriet
Hello, Da↗vid. I'll take your ↘coat.
你回来啦,David。外套给我吧。
David
↘Thanks, Har↗riet. ↘Whew!
谢谢,Harriet。呼!
Harriet
Are you ↗tired?
累了吧?
David
↘Mmm … a bit. ↘Ooh! That soup smells ↗good!
嗯……有点。哇!这汤好香!
Harriet
Are you ↗hungry?
饿了吧?
David
I'm absolutely ↘starving.
饿坏了。
Harriet
Did everything go ↗well?
事情都顺利吗?
David
↘Pretty ↗well. ↘Coo! Baked po↗tatoes! …
挺顺利的。哇!烤土豆!……

Harriet 的问题再听一遍,准备跟读(录音会从后往前拆开练):

Harriet
Are you ↗tired?
跟读
Harriet
… ↗tired?
跟读
Harriet
Are you ↗tired?
跟读
Harriet
Are you ↗hungry?
跟读
Harriet
… ↗hungry?
跟读
Harriet
Are you ↗hungry?
跟读
Harriet
Did everything go ↗well?
跟读
Harriet
Did everything go ↗well?
跟读

现在你来用 Are you …? 提问,听到标准说法后也跟读一遍:

Alan
Where can I get some ↘orange ↗juice?
哪儿能买到橙汁?
轮到你
你(Jo)
Are you ↗thirsty?
你渴了?
跟读
David
That ↘omelette looks ↗good!
那个煎蛋卷看着真不错!
轮到你
你(Jo)
Are you ↗hungry?
你饿了?
跟读
Sarah
(yawns)
(打哈欠)
轮到你
你(Jo)
Are you ↗tired?
你累了?
跟读
Harriet
(groans) Get the ↘doctor, Jo.
(呻吟)快叫医生,Jo。
轮到你
你(Jo)
Are you ↗ill?
你病了?
跟读

对站在公共汽车站的人,你会问什么?

你(Jo)
Are you waiting for the ↗bus?
您在等公共汽车吗?
跟读
你(Jo)
… the ↗bus?
跟读
你(Jo)
… for the ↗bus?
跟读
你(Jo)
Are you waiting for the ↗bus?
跟读

你刚在地上捡到 David 的钢笔。他走进来,一脸着急,他把笔弄丢了:

你(Jo)
Are you looking for your ↗pen?
你在找你的钢笔吗?
跟读
28

练习 28

Did you enjoy …? 问对方玩得怎么样。升调从重读的那个词(holiday、match、play)开始。句子越长,上扬就分摊到越多的音节上,但重读词不变,最后一个音节升得最陡。

Now listen to Miss Roke. Here she is again; be ready to repeat.

Miss Roke
Good ↘morning, Mr Watkins. Did you enjoy your ↗holiday?
早上好,Watkins 先生。假期过得愉快吗?
Miss Roke
Did you enjoy your ↗holiday?
跟读

照这个样子问。对刚从足球场回来的人:

你(Jo)
Did you enjoy the ↗match?
比赛好看吗?
跟读

对刚看完电影回来的人:

你(Jo)
Did you enjoy the ↗film?
电影好看吗?
跟读

对刚从剧院回来的人:

你(Jo)
Did you enjoy the ↗play?
戏好看吗?
跟读

跟读,句子一点点加长:

你(Jo)
Did you enjoy the ↗play?
跟读
你(Jo)
Did you enjoy the ↗play you went to see?
你去看的那出戏好看吗?
跟读
你(Jo)
Did you enjoy the ↗play you went to see on Monday night?
你星期一晚上去看的那出戏好看吗?
跟读
你(Jo)
Did you enjoy the ↗play you went to see on Monday night, Professor Bannister?
Bannister 教授,您星期一晚上去看的那出戏好看吗?
跟读

再从后往前把这个长问句搭起来:

你(Jo)
… Professor Ban↗nister?
跟读
你(Jo)
… on Monday night, Professor Ban↗nister?
跟读
你(Jo)
… the ↗play you went to see on Monday night, Professor Bannister?
跟读
你(Jo)
Did you enjoy the ↗play you went to see on Monday night, Professor Bannister?
跟读
29

练习 29

重音不一定在名词上,要看你想问什么。Did you en↗joy it? 问的是「喜不喜欢」,所以升调从 enjoy 开始;Did you ↗speak to them? 问的是「有没有说话」。末尾的 it、to them 要说得轻而短。

Of course, the main stress does not have to be on play. It can be anywhere, according to the meaning.

David
I went to a ↘play last ↗night.
我昨晚去看了一出戏。
Harriet
↗Oh. Did you en↗joy it?
哦,好看吗?
David
I ↘did. I saw some people I ↘knew.
好看。我还碰到几个熟人。
Harriet
Did you ↗speak to them?
你跟他们说话了吗?

跟读 Harriet 的问题,之后轮到你来问:

Harriet
Did you en↗joy it?
跟读
Harriet
Did you ↗speak to them?
跟读

注意 to them 要发准:又轻又短,连在一起。

Harriet
… to them?
跟读
Harriet
Did you ↗speak to them?
跟读

现在你来问。录音会小声提示你该问哪个动作(eat、buy、ask、spend):

David
I found a ↘banana on the kitchen table last night, ↗Jo.
我昨晚在厨房桌上发现了一根香蕉,Jo。
轮到你
你(Jo)
Did you ↗eat it?
你吃了吗?
跟读
David
There was a marvellous ac↘cordion at the ↘↗market this morning, Jo. Very ↘↗cheap.
今天早上市场上有一架特别棒的手风琴,Jo。很便宜。
轮到你
你(Jo)
Did you ↗buy it?
你买了吗?
跟读
David
At that meeting ↘↗yesterday, you know, a lot of ↘questions came into my ↗mind.
你知道吗,昨天那个会上,我脑子里冒出好多问题。
轮到你
你(Jo)
Did you ↗ask them?
你问了吗?
跟读
David
I found on the last day of my holiday in ↗Spain I had a lot of ↘coins in my ↗purse that I couldn't change into ↘sterling.
我在西班牙度假的最后一天,发现钱包里还有好多硬币,换不成英镑。
轮到你
你(Jo)
Did you ↗spend them?
你把它们花掉了吗?
跟读
30

练习 30

一句话里最重的重音,落在新的、最重要的信息上。大家正在说哪些东西对身体不好,新提到的是 strawberries,所以 Are strawberries bad for you? 的升调从 strawberries 开始,后面的 bad for you 都很轻。you 平时又轻又短,但要强调「你也……吗」的时候,就会变得又长又重。

Now listen to Sarah and Alan.

Sarah
You really ought to give up ↘smoking, A↗lan. It isn't ↘good for you.
你真该戒烟了,Alan。抽烟对身体不好。
Alan
I ↘know it isn't; but what about ↘sugar and ↘salt and ↘butter and ↘strawberries and …
我知道;可糖、盐、黄油、草莓……这些又怎么说?
Sarah
Are ↗strawberries bad for you?
草莓对身体不好?
Alan
Well, I ↘read that they ↗were, if you ate too ↘↗many. It was in ↘Health News. Do ↗you read Health News?
嗯,我看到说吃多了就不好。登在《健康新闻》上的。你也看《健康新闻》吗?
Sarah
Only if I can't find anything ↘↗better.
找不到更好看的东西时才看。

再听一遍 Sarah 的问题:

Sarah
Are ↗strawberries bad for you?

最重的词是 strawberries:前面已经在说别的东西对身体不好,新的、重要的信息是草莓。跟读:

Sarah
↗Strawberries?
跟读
Sarah
Are ↗strawberries bad for you?
跟读
Sarah
Are ↗strawberries bad for you?
跟读

几个练习:

Alan
↘Well, Jo, ↘lots of things are ↘bad for ↗you: po↗tatoes, …
嗯,Jo,好多东西都对身体不好:土豆……
你(Jo)
Are ↗potatoes bad for you?
土豆对身体不好?
跟读
Alan
↘Mind you … there are plenty of things that are ↘good for you, ↘too. ↗Apples, ↗fish, ↗grass …
不过话说回来,对身体好的东西也很多。苹果、鱼、草……
你(Jo)
Is ↗grass good for you?
草对身体好?
跟读
Alan
↘Oh, ↘yes … according to the ↘food ex↗perts. ↘George, for example …
哦,是的……按照食品专家的说法。比如 George……
你(Jo)
Is ↗George a food expert?
George 是食品专家?
跟读

这几句就算加上 too,意思也一样。跟读:

Alan
↘Well, Jo, ↘lots of things are ↘bad for ↗you: po↗tatoes, …
你(Jo)
Are ↗potatoes bad for you, ↗too?
土豆也对身体不好?
跟读
Alan
↘Oh, ↘yes … according to the ↘food ex↗perts. ↘George, for example …
你(Jo)
Is ↗George a food expert, ↗too?
George 也是食品专家?
跟读

意思当然是:

你(Jo)
↘Oh, ↘yes. I knew Professor ↘Bannister was a food ex↗pert, but I didn't know ↘George ↗was.
哦,对。我知道 Bannister 教授是食品专家,可不知道 George 也是。

再听对话里 Alan 的问题:

Alan
I read it in ↘Health News. Do ↗you read Health News?
我在《健康新闻》上看到的。你也看《健康新闻》吗?

这里的意思也是:

Alan
Do ↗you read Health News, ↗too?
你也看《健康新闻》吗?

不过他不用说 too,因为 you 上的重音已经把意思说清楚了。you、he、them 这类词平时不重读、很短,但有时会拖得很长、很重。跟读:

Alan
… ↗you …
跟读
Alan
… ↗you read Health News?
跟读
Alan
Do ↗you read Health News?
跟读
31

练习 31

对方问你一个问题,你先答 Yes,再把同样的问题反问回去。反问时重音落在 you 上:Do ↗you like autumn?,表示「那你呢?」。也可以只说 Yes. Did ↗you?

In these next few exercises, Sarah asks you a question. Reply with Yes, and then ask her the same question.

Sarah
D'you like ↗autumn, Alan?
你喜欢秋天吗,Alan?
Alan
↘Yes. Do ↗you like autumn?
喜欢。你喜欢秋天吗?

第一题就是上面的例子:

Sarah
D'you like ↗autumn, Jo?
你喜欢秋天吗,Jo?
轮到你
你(Jo)
↘Yes. Do ↗you like autumn?
跟读
Sarah
Have you been to ↗Egypt, Jo?
你去过埃及吗,Jo?
轮到你
你(Jo)
↘Yes. Have ↗you been to Egypt?
去过。你去过埃及吗?
跟读
Sarah
Are you taking your exam in ↗June, Jo?
你六月考试吗,Jo?
轮到你
你(Jo)
↘Yes. Are ↗you taking your exam in June?
是的。你六月考试吗?
跟读
Sarah
Did you spend your summer holiday ↗camping, Jo?
你暑假是去露营了吗,Jo?
轮到你
你(Jo)
↘Yes. Did ↗you spend your summer holiday camping?
是的。你暑假去露营了吗?
跟读

当然,你的回答也可以短得多,像这样:

Sarah
Did you spend your ↗last summer holiday camping?
你上个暑假是去露营了吗?
你(Jo)
↘Yes. Did ↗you?
是啊。你呢?

再跟读一遍:

你(Jo)
↘Yes. Did ↗you?
跟读

练几句:

David
Have you taken your books back to the ↗library, Jo?
你把书还回图书馆了吗,Jo?
轮到你
你(Jo)
↘Yes. Have ↗you?
还了。你呢?
跟读
David
Are you spending Easter at ↗home, Jo?
复活节你在家过吗,Jo?
轮到你
你(Jo)
↘Yes. Are ↗you?
是的。你呢?
跟读
David
↘Hey, ↘↗Jo! Did you see last night's programme on world agri↗culture?
嘿,Jo!昨晚那个讲世界农业的节目你看了吗?
轮到你
你(Jo)
↘Yes. Did ↗you?
看了。你呢?
跟读

提醒一句:别把这里的 did you? / have you? 和「回声问句」搞混。它们写法一样,听起来却完全不同,后面的单元会讲。

32

练习 32

你是记者,采访过一百岁生日的 Kent 先生。Alan 会小声告诉你要问什么,你把它变成一般疑问句。注意 Alan 提示里最重读的词(比如 feels),你的问题也要把重音放在这个词上,升调从这里开始。

Here you are a reporter interviewing Mr Kent on his hundredth birthday. Ask him questions; we will whisper the idea to you.

Alan
Ask him whether he ↘feels a hundred.
问他感觉自己有没有一百岁。
你(Jo)
D'you ↗feel a hundred, Mr Kent?
您觉得自己像一百岁吗,Kent 先生?
Mr Kent
↗No, I feel about seventy-↘two.
不,我觉得自己七十二岁左右。
Alan
Ask him whether he can remember his ↘childhood.
问他还记不记得小时候的事。
你(Jo)
Can you remember your ↗childhood?
您还记得小时候的事吗?
Mr Kent
↗Oh ↘yes, I can remember it better than last ↘week.
哦,记得,比上个礼拜的事记得还清楚。

要点:仔细听 Alan 提示里最重读的词:

Alan
Ask him whether he ↘feels a hundred.
问他感觉自己有没有一百岁。

听出来了吗?是 feels。所以你的问题里最重读的词也是 feel。现在你来提问,记得重读问题里最重要的那个词。

Radio Voice
And now, our reporter Jo interviews Mr Charles ↘Kent, who celebrates his hundredth birthday to↘day.
现在,我们的记者 Jo 来采访今天过一百岁生日的 Charles Kent 先生。
Alan
Ask him whether he ↘feels a hundred.
轮到你
你(Jo)
D'you ↗feel a hundred, Mr Kent?
跟读
Mr Kent
↗No, I feel about seventy-↘two.
Alan
Ask him whether he can remember his ↘childhood.
轮到你
你(Jo)
Can you remember your ↗childhood?
跟读
Mr Kent
↗Oh ↘yes, I can remember it better than last ↘week.
Alan
Ask him whether he got many ↘cards this morning.
问他今天早上是不是收到很多贺卡。
轮到你
你(Jo)
Did you get many ↗cards this morning?
您今天早上收到很多贺卡吗?
跟读
Mr Kent
↗Oh, there were ↘hundreds. I haven't ↘counted them ↗yet. If any of those kind people are ↗listening, I'd like to say thank you very ↘much.
哦,好几百张呢,我还没数完。如果那些好心人正在收听的话,我想对他们说声非常感谢。
Alan
Ask him whether there was one from the ↘Queen.
问他有没有女王寄来的。
轮到你
你(Jo)
Was there one from the ↗Queen?
有女王寄来的吗?
跟读
Mr Kent
↗Oh ↘yes, there ↘was. I'm very ↘proud of it. Well, I must go to ↘bed ↗now. Thank you very ↘much. Good↗night.
哦,有的,我为此特别自豪。好了,我得去睡了。非常感谢。晚安。
轮到你
你(Jo)
↘Thank you, Mr Kent. Good↗night.
谢谢您,Kent 先生。晚安。
跟读
33

练习 33

最短的一般疑问句:只把对方话里的一个词用升调重复一遍,表示「你说什么?」、惊讶或不相信。声音从重读音节开始一路往上扬。

To finish this chapter, here are some very short yes/no questions.

Mr Watkins
What was ↘Switzerland like, Miss ↗Roke?
瑞士怎么样,Roke 小姐?
Miss Roke
↗Switzerland?
瑞士?
Mr Watkins
↘Yes. You went ↘skiing there, didn't ↗you?
是啊。你去那儿滑雪了,不是吗?
Miss Roke
↗Skiing?
滑雪?
Mr Watkins
↘Yes. With your ↘boy-friend.
是啊,和你男朋友一起。
Miss Roke
My ↗boy-friend?
我男朋友?
Mr Watkins
↘Well, y-↘yes. I mean, didn't ↗you, I mean …?
呃,是、是啊。我是说,你没去吗?我是说……
Miss Roke
I assure ↘you, Mr Watkins, that I have never been to ↗Switzerland, I cannot ski and I have no ↘boy-friend. This morning's post is on your ↘desk.
我向您保证,Watkins 先生,我从没去过瑞士,我不会滑雪,也没有男朋友。今天早上的信件在您桌上。

跟读 Roke 小姐的话:

Miss Roke
↗Switzerland?
跟读
Miss Roke
↗Skiing?
跟读
Miss Roke
My ↗boy-friend?
跟读

轮到你:

David
Hello, ↗Jo! How did you enjoy Al↘bania?
你好,Jo!阿尔巴尼亚玩得怎么样?
轮到你
你(Jo)
Al↗bania?
阿尔巴尼亚?
跟读
David
↘Yes. Did you enjoy your ↗mountaineering?
是啊。登山登得开心吗?
轮到你
你(Jo)
Mountai↗neering?
登山?
跟读
David
↘Mmm. Did E↗lizabeth enjoy it, ↗too?
嗯。Elizabeth 也玩得开心吗?
轮到你
你(Jo)
E↗lizabeth?
Elizabeth?
跟读
David
↘Sor↗ry … how ↘stupid of me. I meant your ↘grandfather. Did ↗he enjoy it?
抱歉……我真糊涂。我是说你爷爷。他玩得开心吗?
轮到你
你(Jo)
My ↗grandfather?
我爷爷?
跟读
34

练习 34

前面的问句都以升调结尾,但并不是所有一般疑问句都这样。一连串同类的问题,往往第一个升,后面的降(都用升调也可以)。「A 还是 B」的选择问句,A 用升调,B 用降调,表示只在这两个里选。

All the questions so far have ended with a rise. But not all yes/no questions end like that. Listen to this dialogue and repeat Alan's part.

Alan
Come ↘in, Sa↗rah. Would you like some ↗coffee?
进来吧,Sarah。要来点咖啡吗?
跟读
Sarah
↘No, thanks, A↗lan.
不用了,谢谢,Alan。
Alan
Would you like some ↘tea?
那来点茶?
跟读
Sarah
↘No. I'm ↘OK, ↗thanks.
不用,我挺好,谢谢。
Alan
Will you have some ↘orange juice, then?
那来点橙汁吧?
跟读
Sarah
P'raps I ↘will, then. Thanks very ↗much.
那也好。多谢。

侦探在问一位女士话。跟读侦探的部分:

Detective
Did you see anything un↗usual?
您看到什么异常情况了吗?
跟读
Woman
Not as far as I can re↘mem↗ber.
我印象里没有。
Detective
Did you ↘hear anything unusual?
那听到什么异常的声音了吗?
跟读
Woman
↘No, I don't ↘think ↗so.
没有,我想没有。
Detective
Did you notice a large green ↘van parked in the street?
您注意到街上停着一辆绿色大货车吗?
跟读
Woman
I'm ↘sor↗ry, I ↘didn't.
抱歉,没注意到。

像这样一连串形式相同的问题,第一个升,后面的降。不过就算在这种情况下,每个问题都用升调也很常见,关系不大。下面是另一种问句:

Harriet
Did you come by ↗bike, Da↗vid, or did you ↘walk?
你是骑车来的,David,还是走路来的?
David
Oh, I ↘walked. By the ↘way, ↘that's a nice ↗carpet. Is it ↗Turkish or ↘Persian?
哦,我走来的。对了,这地毯真漂亮。是土耳其的还是波斯的?

Harriet 知道 David 不是骑车就是走路,从来不坐公交、不开车。所以到底是哪个:骑车还是走路?跟读 Harriet 的话(从后往前):

Harriet
Did you come by ↗bike, Da↗vid, or on ↘foot?
你是骑车来的,David,还是走路来的?
跟读
Harriet
… or on ↘foot?
跟读
Harriet
… by ↗bike, Da↗vid, or on ↘foot?
跟读
Harriet
Did you come by ↗bike, Da↗vid, or on ↘foot?
跟读

David 不懂地毯,但他知道 Harriet 的地毯不是土耳其的就是波斯的,二选一。跟读 David 的话:

David
↘That's a nice ↗carpet. Is it ↗Turkish or ↘Persian?
这地毯真漂亮。是土耳其的还是波斯的?
跟读
David
… ↘Persian?
跟读
David
Is it ↗Turkish or ↘Persian?
跟读
David
↘That's a nice ↗carpet. Is it ↗Turkish or ↘Persian?
跟读

现在做这几题,反应要快:

Harriet
Mary's had a ↘baby! Isn't it ↘wonderful?
Mary 生孩子了!太好了是不是?
轮到你
你(Jo)
A ↗boy or a ↘girl?
男孩还是女孩?
跟读
Harriet
A ↘girl! She had it at the ↘weekend!
女孩!周末生的!
轮到你
你(Jo)
↗Saturday or ↘Sunday?
星期六还是星期天?
跟读
Harriet
↘Saturday! At nine o'↘clock!
星期六!九点钟!
轮到你
你(Jo)
↗Morning or ↘evening?
早上还是晚上?
跟读

也可以说:

你(Jo)
Did she have it in the ↗morning or the ↘evening?
她是早上生的还是晚上生的?
跟读

如果觉得句末降调的问句不好说,就先忘掉问号,把它当成句号结尾的陈述句来读。

原声出处:Ian Thompson《Intonation Practice》(Oxford University Press, 1981)配套录音,版权归原作者和出版方所有,这里只剪取例句,用于学习讲解;中文讲解和语调标注为稳麓教育自编。点句子前面的 ▶ 听原声,听完暂停,自己跟着说一遍。

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